Wildness and Civilization in All the Pretty Horses - Literature Essay Samples

The post-World War II boom that informs todays world has no place in Cormac McCarthys All the Pretty Horses. The post-war optimism and suburban complacency common to other American works of this period does not figure into McCarthys novel, peopled as it is by characters like Blevins whose daddy never come back from the war (64) and John Gradys father who looked over the country with those sunken eyes as if the world out there had been altered or made suspect by what hed seen of it elsewhere (23), presumably in the war. Instead of the modern urban environment, these characters seek comfort in a less complicated world that is informed by an older cowboy ethos. This ethos relies upon wildness instead of artifice and the natural landscape instead of civilization. McCarthys relentless contrast between the call of wildness and the dangers of civilization merits a closer look at wildness and its associated values. The novel opens immediately after the death of John Gradys grandfather. Grady s grandfathers authenticity and authority stemmed from his management of the wild world of the ranch. The readers initial impression of the original 1866 ranch was that the grandfather carved it out of the land, a oneroom hovel of sticks and wattle (6). In exercising dominion over the ranch land, the grandfather achieved a unity with the wild world. The grandfathers death denotes the loss of that wild world and impels the novel forward. Gradys brief forays into the civilized world prove unsatisfactory. Here, contemporary society is exemplified by the lawyers office and his mothers theater world. The lawyers tools prove futile in regaining the ranch. His mothers world is so artificial that Grady cannot even find her registered in hotels under her own name. Gradys inability to connect with his mother is brought home when the clerk turned away and checked the registrations. He shook his head. No, he said. No Cole (22). Disappointed, Grady is compelled to seek the wild world in Mexico. Immediately after these unsatisfactory encounters the most idyllic portion of the novel begins. Grady, accompanied by Rawlins, becomes immersed in the world of the trail to Mexico. Rawlins and Grady leave the complex world behind them, and by sunset they could hear trucks on a highway in the distance (32). After this separation, the dialogue between the two becomes laconic and relies upon humorous understatement. Stunning descriptions of the natural world take the place of complicated dialogue. In one of the few moments not wracked by the sense of imminent doom, McCarthy tells us that Grady and Rawlins left the river and followed the dry valley to the west. The country was rolling and grassy and the day was cool under the sun (34). Such momentary optimism is possible only in the natural world, away from civilization. When Blevins enters the story, this dream-like interlude abruptly ends. Blevins has been damaged by the world, emotionally scared by his stepfather. He too seeks releas e in the wild world. However, despite his numerous talents horseman, marksman, survivalist Blevins failure and ultimate death are caused by his inability to deal with the natural world. His separation from the natural world is underscored during the storm when Grady asks him Why cant you be out in it? and Blevins responds On account of the lightnin' (67). One could never imagine Gradys grandfather allowing such fears to get the better of him. This fear of the natural world has severe short and long terms consequences for Blevins. In addition to the loss of his horse, he loses all ability to take care of himself when the floods wash away his clothes and gun. McCarthy highlights his inability to deal with the natural world as he sat with his bare legs stretched before him, but they looked so white and exposed lying on the ground that he seemed ashamed and he tried to tuck them up underneath him (74). Despite his bluster and superficial ease in dealing with the natural world, Blevins s lack of authenticity immediately catches up with him. Were it not for Gradys kindness, he could have been sold to the Mexicans or traded for wax. Once relieved of Blevins, Grady and Rawlins enter the world of the Hacienda de Nuestra SeÃÆ'Â ±ora de la PurÃÆ'Â ­sma ConcepciÃÆ'Â ³n, a ranch of eleven thousand hectares situated along the edge of the BolsÃÆ'Â ³n de Cuatro CiÃÆ'Â ©nagas in the state of Coahuila (97). Their arrival at the Hacienda signals a return to both the natural world and the world of artifice. Comparisons between Gradys grandfather and Don Hector Rocha y Villareal are inevitable. The power of both men stems from their authority over their land. Both are rooted in the history of their land. Grady rapidly wins Don Hectors respect when he and Rawlins break a small herd of three year old colts in as many days. This exercise of dominion underscores that a mans worth is derived from his conquest of the wild. The tension of the battle between Grady and the horse s is palpable and urgent. McCarthy tells us that,before the colt could struggle up John Grady had squatted on its neck and pulled its head up and to one side and was holding the horse by the muzzle with the long boney head pressed against his chest and the hot sweet breath of it flooding up from the dark wells of its nostrils over his face and neck like news from another world. They did not smell like horses. They smelled like what they were, wild animals. He held the horses face against his chest and he could feel along his inter thighs the blood pumping through the arteries and he could smell the fear and he cupped his hand over the horses eyes and stroked them and he did not stop talking to the horse at all, speaking in a low steady voice and telling it all that he intended to do and cupping the animals eyes and stroking the terror out (103-104).This exercise of dominion over the wild world wins him an impressive promotion to breeder. Through his ability to master the wildness, G rady momentarily appears to be a master of his world. This moment of mastery is short-lived because it brings Grady closer to the world of artifice in the form of Alejandra and Alfonsa. The foreignness of Alejandra is apparent because she is riding English, wearing jodhpurs and a blue twill hacking jacket (94). This stylized convention is foreign to Grady; although his love for her is beyond question, this foreign artifice puts the reader on notice that trouble is sure to follow. The complex machinations of Alfonsa trigger the subsequent incarceration of Rawlins and Grady. Once in jail, the boys are out of their depth. Their cowboy ethos and mastery of the natural world have little use in jail and they are saved only by getting paid out (209) by Alfonsa. Released from jail, both Rawlins and Grady eventually return to Texas. McCarthys description of the natural world seems disjointed: the dead moon hung in the west and the long flat shapes of the night clouds passed before it like a phantom fleet (298). The wild world of the ranch is gone. The death of Abuela severs Gradys last connection to that world. Rawlins asks, Where is your country? and Grady responds I dont know where it is. I dont know what happens to country (299). This response calls into question Gradys purpose in the world and the value of his cowboy ethos. The novel closes with a description of the natural world. McCarthy tells us that Grady rode with the sun coppering his face and the red wind blowing out of the west across the evening land and the small desert birds flew chittering among the dry bracken and horse and rider and horse passed on and their long shadows passed in tandem like the shadow of a single being passed and paled into the darkening land, the world to come (302).McCarthys description is foreboding because this natural world is foreign and Gradys place in it uncertain. In All the Pretty Horses, McCarthy contrasts the natural world with the civilized world. Whereas the natural wo rld is associated with emotional release and freedom, the civilized world is associated with theatrical artifice at best, and jail at worst. Ones authenticity and authority are derived from mastery of this natural world. As shown supra, both Gradys grandfather and Don Hector were exemplars of those whose authority was derived from such mastery. Blevins is an example of one who has failed to master the natural world. At the end of the novel, it remains unclear whether McCarthys protagonist will ever achieve such mastery or even if his cowboy ethos are still meaningful.

Taking a Look at Same-Sex Marriage - 938 Words

Same-sex marriage is against the law and against the moral standards of the religious society. In this paper I will sympathize with the homosexual community in order to improve their views on marriage. First amendment of the Constitution protects and makes homosexuality legal. Marriage is also legal. Marriage laws and the rights that fall under marriage are defined and upheld by the states. Should same-sex marriage remain illegal? Homosexuals believe rights guaranteed to married heterosexual couples should not be denied to homosexual couples. Marriage is a sacred bond protected by the Constitution of the United States. In the U.S. Supreme Court case of 1974, Cleveland Board of Education v. LeFleur, the Court reaffirmed that â€Å"freedom of personal choice in matters of marriage and family life is one of the liberties protected by the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment† (Robinson). Marriage is typically defined as one man and one woman joining together in â€Å"holy matrimony.† Marriage is designed to be a contractual show of one’s love for another. Marriage is many things. For instance, marriage is a relationship full of stressors, emotions, and passions. Marriage is also financial in that there are bills to pay, insurances to maintain. Do you have a boyfriend or girlfriend? Do you have a husband or wife? If the answer is yes, then do you suppose a gay man has a boyfriend; or a lesbian has a girlfriend? The answer is obviously yes. Same-sex couples are quickly becomingShow MoreRelatedTaki ng a Look at Same-Sex Marriages1029 Words   |  4 PagesSame-Sex Marriages Over the years, the levels of acceptance to same-sex marriages have risen gradually. On large scale, much of this ‘acceptance’ comes in the form of tolerance. It is now perfectly bearable for heterosexuals to turn show approval of their relatives or their friends procuring gay marriages. After all, it is much easier to put aside one’s distaste to this occurrence, than face the vicious accusations that would follow if they said a word that in the least betray their objections.Read MoreMarriage Law : The Legal Union Of A Couple As Spouses1642 Words   |  7 PagesMarriage is defined as the legal union of a couple as spouses. The elements of marriage include: (1) the parties legal ability to marry each other, (2) mutual consent of the parties and (3) a marriage contract as required by law. (Legal Information Institute, 2014, n.d.). In the United States, marriage law is regulated by the individual state. Standards such as age, residency, relation, mental capacity, a nd gender are requirements regulated on a state-by-state basis. Until recent changes, the DefenseRead MoreAn Argument Against Same Sex Marriage981 Words   |  4 Pageson the topic of same-sex marriage and presents them in the transcripts titled â€Å"An Argument against Same-Sex Marriage: An Interview with Rick Santorum† and â€Å"An Argument for Same-Sex Marriage: An Interview with Jonathan Rauch†. Masci interviews two people with completely different stances regarding same-sex marriage. He interviews Rick Santorum, an ex-senator and devout Christian, who is against same-sex marriage then Jonathan Rauch, a gay rights activist, who is for same-sex marriage. Santorum and RauchRead MoreThe Fight For Equal Marriage1292 Words   |  6 Pages The fight for equal marriage rights has been one of great length. Although this topic only brought to attention of the Supreme Court in 2015, gay marriage has long been a topic of interest in American society. Prior to 2015, gay marriage was only acknowledged and legal in select states, not nationwide. This caused great distress and heartache. One case in particular, the case that was brought to the supreme court, is very representative of such dejection. The subjects of such case are James ObergefellRead MoreHeterosexual And Homosexuality Marriage. Marriage Is Considering1449 Words   |  6 PagesHeterosexual and homosexuality marriage Marriage is considering to be several distinct aspects of life: friendship and companion ship, sexual relations, love, conversation, procreation and child-rearing, and mutual responsibility. Making compromises and putting someone else first rather than yourself. 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Seemingly every election cycle brings us incendiary statements about how â€Å"the gays† are destroying America’s moral fabric from segments of the right. Meanwhile the idea of same sex marriage is becoming more and more accepted among young generations. The courts lie in the middle of this chaos. When laws are passed which discriminate against members of the LGBTQ community and are met with leg al challenges, it is up to the courtsRead MoreThe Debate On Legalizing Same Sex Marriage1251 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Marriage also known as matrimony is the process in which two people legally or formally recognize the love between a man and woman or in some jurisdictions, two people of the same sex (Physcology Today , 2015 ). Marriage is an important part of our society. The emotional bond between two lovers is the strongest bond and most sacred (Anderson, 2013 ). However there are people who get left out because their partner is not of the same gender as they are. The debate on legalising same sex marriageRead MoreGay Marriage Should Not Be Denied Service1457 Words   |  6 Pagesthemselves as Christian businesses and refuse to cater to gay marriages. They do this based on their belief that gay marriage is wrong, and against their faith, and because of this they can’t provide their services or they would be supporting it. In Indiana, a small town pizzeria was asked what their position was on the Religious Restoration Freedom act, and stated that they were a Christian establishment and cou ld not cater to gay marriages. However they would serve gay people and couples in their storeRead MoreThe Feud Over Gay Marriage1579 Words   |  6 PagesThe Feud Over Same-Sex Marriage Imagine a society where it’s not even common to see a married man and woman walking around with kids, and instead you see two men or two women walking around holding hands and kissing, would this site make you very comfortable or would you be a little weirded out. This is the exact direction that our country is taking as we speak right now, with each state giving same-sex marriage a second thought, and most starting to make heterosexual marriage legal. There are plenty

The National Institute Of Justice Defines Racial Profiling...

The National Institute of Justice defines ‘racial profiling’ as â€Å"a practice that targets people for suspicion of crime based on their race, ethnicity, religion or national origin.† It creates a link between certain crimes and certain races which effectively creates stereotypes, and it tends to fail to consider non-Hispanic and non-Arab whites. While it targets many racial and ethnic groups, it greatly affects African Americans’ rights and their everyday lives. Racial Profiling, largely criticized within and outside the United States, is perpetuated by stereotypes, social bias, and fear and used largely against African Americans by figures of authority as an underlying justification for use of force, search, and suspicion. DWB, or â€Å"Driving While Black†, is described as the â€Å"racial profiling of black drivers† (Dunn). Substantiated by facts, DWB, in more laymen’s terms, means that black drivers are pulled over simply for bei ng black whether there is probable cause or not. Ronnie Dunn, an associate professor of Urban Studies at Case Western University, did a study on traffic stops and violations across racial lines in and around the Cleveland area. Cleveland is an excellent setting for this experiment because while it has majority African American population, it is one of the most racially segregated cities in the United States which Dunn mentions. The study was done across 4 areas including inner-city Cleveland (Central City) and the more affluent suburbs (Westlake). TheShow MoreRelatedRacial Profiling And The United States1160 Words   |  5 Pagesby police and many other people for committing crimes. This is called racial profiling, and it is an issue going on around us. Some considers racial profiling a new phenomenon, and it is important to examine it because it is a foundational aspect of law and law enforcement in the United States. Glover in the book Racial Profiling: Research, Racism, and Resistance defines racial profiling in contemporary times â€Å"as the use of racial and or ethnic status as the determinant factor in decision to stop motoristRead MoreNo Officer, I m Not A Criminal?1415 Words   |  6 Pagesrights violation. The dictionary defines racial profiling as, â€Å"the use of race or ethnicity as grounds for suspecting someone of having committed an offense†. However, in reality, racial profiling is violating the civil rights of minorities and Muslims. According to the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) â€Å"Racial profiling by law enforcement is commonly defined as a practice that targets people for suspicion of crime based on their race, ethnicity, religion or national origin†. 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This problem was narrowed down to the individual police officer. Until then, only â€Å"total and complete law enforcement† was believedRead MoreRacism And Its Effects On Young Black Males3146 Words   |  13 Pagessomewhat devastating effects on young black males in society. â€Å"You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view... Until you climb inside of his skin and walk around in it.† (Lee) The negative stereotypes and racial profiling that Americans hand down from generation to generation are damaging not only to the minorities but to those perpetuating them as well. The behaviors that are kept alive because of these negative stereotypes and the behaviors associated withRead MoreRacial Profiling Essay7678 Words   |  31 Pagesacross the country. The controversy regarding racial profiling has cent ered on police departments practices related to traffic stopsÂâ€"examining whether police have targeted drivers based on their race or ethnicity. Significant anecdotal evidence has suggested that some departments may be treating drivers of some races or ethnicities differently than white drivers. Parties using multiple definitions have complicated the debate over racial profiling. Variation among these definitions means that interestedRead MoreResearch Report on Impact of Time Management11320 Words   |  46 Pagesdeveloping a sense of community among neighborhood residents. These outcome measures are frequently assessed using community surveys that ask citizens their feelings and perceptions of crime and justice issues. Are outcome-oriented elements linked to citizens’ overall image of the police? Contemporary criminal justice researchers believe they are related. What is the nature of the relationship? Research shows that citizens who evaluate the quality of life in their neighborhood in favorable terms are more

The Theme of Groupthink in “the Sisterhood of the Night”...

Name: Instructor’s Name: Course Details: Date of Submission: The Theme of Groupthink in â€Å"The Sisterhood of the Night† and â€Å"The Lottery† In â€Å"The Sisterhood of the Night† by Steven Millhauser and â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson, groupthink is a central theme that authors used to explain their main idea. Groupthink is a phenomenon in psychology occurring to individuals where their desire for conformity within their group results in a deviant outcome. This means that the members consider minimizing their conflict while trying to reach a consensus decision without evaluating the alternatives critically. â€Å"The Sisterhood of the Night† and â€Å"The Lottery† presents this concept in details with relevant examples trying to depict†¦show more content†¦They strive to get the winner, which in the end will get the grand prize of death through stoning by the rest of the villagers (Jackson). Coming up with a good explanation that can justify the action of this community is not an easy task. However, a simple reason supporting the ideology is that considering this is a tradition that never seizes, people continue to work together to make it happen. Every individual in the society obeys the traditions and work together to make it happen without considering the repercussion of the outcome: groupthink. According to the author, Shirley Jackson, â€Å"the hardest thing in the world is to stand against one’s group†. The use of groupthink in the text shows how individuals are intimidated by some events without realizing the outcome. The participation of the groups in making the faulty decisions of becoming winners always deters their thinking ability since they never realize they are losing a member of their family. Another story that the author uses the theme of groupthink in the setup is, â€Å"The Sisterhood of Night.† The author of the book uses a familiar narrative voice in explaining a local peculiarity to an inquisitive stranger. Girls in the adolescent stage normally go out at night to do immoral behaviors. To some extent, they villagers practice witchcraft with some other unspeakable sexual behaviors. â€Å"What shall we do with our daughters?† a complaint from the

My Interview I Have Ever Done My Life - 856 Words

My face to face interview was by far the best interview I have ever done in my life. Kellie Stallings is such an incredible and genuine person. Through this interview I learned so much about staying true to myself while helping others reach their goal. During this interview I was intrigued the entire time. When she was in high school, she was dead set on being a physical therapist which I found ironic because in high school, I was sure I was going to do the same thing. She volunteered at different facilities and rehab around town and while helping she began to see social workers help patients and she instantly knew she wanted to change lives. She saw how the Social worker helped an amputee farmer. The social worker helped him find resources and ways to still do his job and what he loved. Stallings stated â€Å"I loved how the social worker helped him emotionally while he was dealing with something physically†(Stallings) .When she told me that I was truly in shock because I had never thought in that way before. I realized social workers definitely have to deal with every single thing the person goes through. I will have to reach my client mentally and emotionally. The thing she said that affected me the most was â€Å"when working in this profession, it is important to have a strong sense of self.†(Stallings) She went on to tell me that in this profession, I have to set boundaries or I will get burnt out. In this field I have to stick to my values and never lose sight of myself or whoShow MoreRelatedFaith And Doubt At Ground Zero Reflection1558 Words   |  7 Pages September 11, 2001 was one of the most shocking and horrifying days in United States history. 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Colonialism in Kenya Essay free essay sample

Understanding Main Ideas Answer the following questions on a separate piece of paper. 1. What factors determine whether water soaks into the ground or flows over the ground as runoff? The nature of the ground, the rate of the rainfall, and the slope of the land. 2. Draw a simple sketch of a river system. Include and label the following: headwaters. Tributary, oxbow lake, meander, flood plain, delta, and mouth. 3. This picture shows river meander. Name and describe the process that is occurring at Point A and the process that is occurring at Point B. Point A: Erosion- the water breaks off fragments of soil and rock from outer curve of the riverbank. Point B: Deposition – fragments of soil and rock being carried by the water are dropped along the inner curve of the riverbank. 4. How can building up natural levees with stone and concrete often make flooding worse downstream? The built-up levees prevent the natural channel widening process that rivers normally undergo as the volume increases. We will write a custom essay sample on Colonialism in Kenya Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As a result, floodwaters have nowhere to go except downstream. †¢Building Vocabulary Choose the word that best completes each sentence. 5. The land area that supplies water to a river system is called a(n) Watershed or drainage basin. 6. Water that flows over the ground surface is called Runoff 7. The broad, flat valley through which a river flows is a(n) Floodplain 8. A ridge of land that separates one watershed from another is a(n) Divide 9. A looping curve in a river is a(n) Meander 10. The process by which fragments of soil and rock are left behind as moving water slows down is called deposition

Pain And Suffering Of Animals For Humans Sake Ri Essay Example For Students

Pain And Suffering Of Animals For Humans Sake: Ri Essay ght Or WrongPain and Suffering of Animals for Humans Sake:Right or WrongWhen you go out to eat and look at your thick and juicy T-bone steak what do you think about? When you look at that gorgeous mink coat in the department store what is going through your mind? When you here that cigarette smoke causes cancer in lab animals what is the first thing that comes to mind? Chances are that in each of these cases you were not thinking about how the cow suffered while it was being fattened up, ho painful the trap was that caught those mink, or the conditions those lab animals hat to endure to develop that cancer. Most people do not think about these things. However, in this paper, you will be enlightened on the pain and suffering of animals in three different industries and you will also hear from the other side of this issue. First, one of the biggest culprits of animal suffering is the animal food industry. This is an industry in which people have a tendency to block out or ignore the animal mistreatment; this is done by disassociating oneself with the direct harm and ignoring the indirect harm (Harnack 133). A good start under this example in the case of pigs. Normally, pigs are intelligent animals capable of showing affection. They have very good senses of smell, which is why pigs have been used as hunting animals (Coats 31). This normal behavior is disrupted however in the food industry. Pigs are taken to slaughter at about twenty-four weeks of age when they are approximately 220 pounds (Coats 32). Pigs are usually mass-caged into groups that consist of other pigs of the same sex and age. This can cause excessive aggressiveness in the animals due to the stifling of the natural social orders, which are accomplished though mixing (Coats 33). Due to inactivity in cages, pigs become bored and do things such as gnaw on the bars of the cage or on the body parts of other pigs. Factory owners attempt to remedy this by doing things such as cutting off a piglets tail shortly after being born (Coats 33). There is also gender specific cruelty. To reduce aggressiveness, male pigs are castrated. Most of the time, this is done without anesthetic. This is a practice seen in other divisions of the farm industry as well (Coats 33). A factory breeding sow pig averages two and a half litters a year and ten litters in a life time. With ten or eleven piglets per litter, she brings 100-110 piglets into the systems during the first four to five years of her life (Coats 34). The pig factory owners try to get the greatest amount of piglets in the least amount of time. They do this by trying to find the optimum amount of time to leave a piglet with his mother. The later a piglet is weaned away from his mother, the better chance it will live, however this is time that the mother is not pregnant (Coats 34). Pigs confined in cages in factories have a high rate of disease and physical problems that range from respiratory diseases to lame and broken legs (Coats 45). Next, we have cows. Cows have the opportunity to go into three different division of the farming industry: dairy cow, veal calf, or beef cow (Coats 7). Firstly, concerning milk cows, the only time that a female cow produces milk is after she has had a calf, and she only produces for as long as the calf suckles (Coats 50). To keep the cows producing milk, they must be impregnated about once a year and give birth (Coats 56). While a calf is still getting milk from its mother, it drinks small quantities about twenty times a day. The cow replenishes itself as needed. In the dairy farm, a cow is sucked dry approximately two to three times per day. This forces a cow to be over loaded and weighed down with milk (Coats 50-51). When an exceptional cow is found, she is put aside for breeding. She is given drugs to induce the production of more eggs. These eggs are fertilized with the sperm of super-bulls and the embryos are implanted into different cows. This can cause problems if the calf implanted is larger than the mother can bear (Coats 56-57). Amistad EssayWhen it comes to broiler hens, the object, again, is to produce the most and biggest in the least amount of time for the least amount of money (Coats 87). By the time the chickens are ready for slaughter, they have about a one half square foot of room with which to barely move (Coats 87). The social structure needed in pigs and cows is more important to chickens. The pecking order is an essential part of their life. This is disrupted by constant shifting of chickens and cramped condition (Coats 87). The next topic to discuss is animal experimentation. About 25-35 million animals are involved in research testing and teaching each year in the U.S. (Fox 58). Animals are used to test the safety of products such as drugs, carcinogens, cosmetics, etc. (Fox 60-61). Because there are 40 to 60 thousand chemicals in common use, it is pointless to test their combinations on animals because there are so many possible combinations. The animal tests become mere propaganda to dispel consumer worries (Fox 61). Often times when animals are used as test subjects, the laboratory condition needed for testing such as in the case of diseases. Psychological disruption, which might occur, can affect the outcome of experiments (Fox 62). In conclusion to animal testing, an ethical consideration in justifying this practice is as follows: If the pain and suffering to the animal would be greater than the amount of pain and suffering that a human might fell under the same experimental conditions, then the experiment should not be permitted (Fox 64). Lastly, we have wildlife practices and the fur industry. Furs are made from pain. Wild animals are trapped in traps with steel teeth. These animals can feel this pain (Rohr 178). The leghold trap, the most common, has been banned in 65 countries due to cruelness, yet in America it is legal (Rohr 181). People who try to refute cruelty to animals site that the Bible says we should eat meat. This is a fallacy. In Genesis 1:29-30 of the King James Bible, it says:And God said, behold, I have given you every herb bearing seed, which is upon the face of all the earth, and every tree, in the which is the fruit of a tree yielding seed; to you it shall be for meat. And to every beast of the earth, and to every fowl of the air, and to everything that creepeth upon the earth, wherein there is life, I have given every green herb for meat; and it was so. Only after sin is introduced, which is later, do we see eating of animals. Scientists often say that to save a human, animals are expendable, and this is true, but in putting mascara on a rabbits eye, there is no help. Lastly, some say that animals can be treated anyway desired because they make no moral judgements and have a lack of ability to do so (Harnack 29). It is therefore the responsibility of humans to uphold the moral obligation of taking care of animals. In summation, this paper has given evidence of pain and suffering of animals involved in different industries. From these examples, it is clear that it is wrong of anyone to intentionally inflict pain and suffering on animals for the sake of human enjoyment. Works CitedCoats C. David. Old MacDonalds Factory Farm: The Myth of the Traditional Farm and the Shocking Truth about Animal Suffering in Todays Agribusiness. New York:Continuum, 1989. Harnack, Andrew, ed. Animal Rights: Opposing Viewpoints. Sand Diego: Greenhaven, 1996. Fox, W. Michael. Inhumane Society: The American Way of Exploiting Animals. New York: St Martins, 1990. King James Bible. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1970. Rohr, Janelle, ed. Animal Rights: Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego: Greenhaven, 1989. BibliographyWorks CitedCoats C. David. Old MacDonalds Factory Farm: The Myth of the Traditional Farm and the Shocking Truth about Animal Suffering in Todays Agribusiness. New York:Continuum, 1989. Harnack, Andrew, ed. Animal Rights: Opposing Viewpoints. Sand Diego: Greenhaven, 1996. Fox, W. Michael. Inhumane Society: The American Way of Exploiting Animals. New York: St Martins, 1990. King James Bible. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1970. Rohr, Janelle, ed. Animal Rights: Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego: Greenhaven, 1989. Animal Science